Social workers who function as supervisors or educators should not engage in sexual activities or contact with supervisees, students, trainees, or other colleagues over whom they exercise professional authority. Social workers should never design or conduct evaluation or research that does not use consent procedures, such as certain forms of naturalistic observation and archival research, unless rigorous and responsible review of the research has found it to be justified because of its prospective scientific, educational, or applied value and unless equally effective alternative procedures that do not involve waiver of consent are not feasible. However, social workers responsibility to the larger society or specific legal obligations may on limited occasions supersede the loyalty owed clients, and clients should be so advised. The Code socializes practitioners new to the field to social works mission, values, ethical principles, and ethical standards. (Dual or multiple relationships occur when social workers relate to clients in more than one relationship, whether professional, social, or business. Social workers should work toward the maintenance and promotion of high standards of practice. Social workers should act to prevent and eliminate domination of, exploitation of, and discrimination against any person, group, or class on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, marital status, political belief, religion, immigration status, or mental or physical disability. They all intersect. Where can I purchase a copy of the 2021 revised NASW Code of Ethics? Social workers are sensitive to cultural and ethnic diversity and strive to end discrimination, oppression, poverty, and other forms of social injustice. Social workers should aspire to contribute to the knowledge base of the profession. When setting fees, social workers should ensure that the fees are fair, reasonable, and commensurate with the services performed. Social workers should not allow their own personal problems, psychosocial distress, legal problems, substance abuse, or mental health difficulties to interfere with their professional judgment and performance or to jeopardize the best interests of people for whom they have a professional responsibility. Referring in law to the NASW Code of Ethics is a form of delegation by government to an outside private entity, namely a professional/trade association. The changes to me seem largely individualistic. When necessary, social workers who believe that a colleague has acted unethically should take action through appropriate formal channels (such as contacting a state licensing board or regulatory body, an NASW committee on inquiry, or other professional ethics committees). Social workers should inform participants of their right to withdraw from evaluation and research at any time without penalty. Social workers seek to enhance clients capacity and opportunity to change and to address their own needs. In instances when clients are not literate or have difficulty understanding the primary language used in the practice setting, social workers should take steps to ensure clients comprehension. Social workers are continually aware of the professions mission, values, ethical principles, and ethical standards and practice in a manner consistent with them. Prior to the 2021 revisions, the Code of Ethics made no explicit references to self-care. Rather, a code of ethics sets forth values, ethical principles, and ethical standards to which professionals aspire and by which their actions can be judged. organization of social workers of that era, adopt a formal code (A. Johnson, 1955). Free webinars and CEUs available. Social workers who anticipate a conflict of interest among the individuals receiving services or who anticipate having to perform in potentially conflicting roles (for example, when a social worker is asked to testify in a child custody dispute or divorce proceedings involving clients) should clarify their role with the parties involved and take appropriate action to minimize any conflict of interest. Social workers should take reasonable precautions to protect client confidentiality in the event of the social workers termination of practice, incapacitation, or death. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of any of the organizations to which the author is affiliated, or the views of The New Social Worker magazine or White Hat Communications. Social justice isn't enough. On May 18, 2021, NASW introduced these new provisions in an informative and inspirational webinar led by Dawn Hobdy (NASWs Vice President of Ethics, Diversity, and Inclusion), Terrika Hardy (focusing on self-care), and Stephanie Azare Nti (focusing on cultural competence and humility). Social workers should critically examine and keep current with emerging knowledge relevant to social work. Universities would be better if all students could use APA correctly: Social workers should not engage in sexual activities or sexual contact with clients relatives or other individuals with whom clients maintain a close personal relationship when there is a risk of exploitation or potential harm to the client. They should not fabricate or falsify results and should take steps to correct any errors later found in published data using standard publication methods. Social workers who refer clients to other professionals should take appropriate steps to facilitate an orderly transfer of responsibility. Social workers should not provide clinical services to individuals with whom they have had a prior sexual relationship. Professional and ethical obligations of the interdisciplinary team as a whole and of its individual members should be clearly established. In 1960, NASW adopted its first code of ethics, five years after the association was formed. Ethical Principle:Social workers challenge social injustice. Social workers should make clear distinctions between statements made and actions engaged in as a private individual and as a representative of the social work profession, a professional social work organization, or the social workers employing agency. Back in 2009 I did an episode of the social work podcast that explored the idea that social . Social workers should educate themselves and the organizations in which they work about the important provisions in the NASW Code of Ethics concerning cultural competence. Simultaneously, we also need to start with ourselves, using self-care and critical self-reflection to ensure that we are ready and able to start with our clients. Social workers should uphold and advance the values, ethics, knowledge, and mission of the profession. When social workers provide services to two or more people who have a relationship with each other (for example, couples, family members), social workers should clarify with all parties which individuals will be considered clients and the nature of social workers professional obligations to the various individuals who are receiving services. The new language clarifies that social workers should also take appropriate steps to help clients by preventing and addressing potential barriers to using technology (e.g., lack of resources, familiarity, knowledge, or comfort with the technology among different individuals and groups). When does the 2021 revision of the NASW Code of Ethics go into effect? . NASW members are individual social workers. Social workers should contribute time and professional expertise to activities that promote respect for the value, integrity, and competence of the social work profession. Social workers understand that relationships between and among people are an important vehicle for change. Social workers should seek to contribute to the professions literature and to share their knowledge at professional meetings and conferences. The extent to which each standard is enforceable is a matter of professional judgment to be exercised by those responsible for reviewing alleged violations of ethical standards. Social workers who are leaving an employment setting should inform clients of appropriate options for the continuation of services and of the benefits and risks of the options. These standards concern (1) social workers ethical responsibilities to clients, (2) social workers ethical responsibilities to colleagues, (3) social workers ethical responsibilities in practice settings, (4) social workers ethical responsibilities as professionals, (5) social workers ethical responsibilities to the social work profession, and (6) social workers ethical responsibilities to the broader society. Social workers should carefully examine relevant issues and their possible impact on clients before deciding on a course of action. There is overlap between advocating for human rights, human trafficking victims, victims of sexual violence, anti racism, and cultural humility. No new standards were added, and no new revisions were made to existing standards. (Examples include when a social worker is required by law to report that a client has abused a child or has threatened to harm self or others. Social workers should engage in social and political action that seeks to ensure that all people have equal access to the resources, employment, services, and opportunities they require to meet their basic human needs and to develop fully. Additionally, they are offering, The 2021 amendments are limited to the following sections of the Code: Purpose of the NASW, NASW is not a licensing body and therefore has no jurisdiction over state licensing requirements. All material published on this website Copyright 1994-2023 White Hat Communications. Social workers should avoid accepting goods or services from clients as payment for professional services. Principles and standards must be applied by individuals of good character who discern moral questions and, in good faith, seek to make reliable ethical judgments. 1 / 62. Also available in Spanish. Social workers should inform clients, to the extent possible, about the disclosure of confidential information and the potential consequences, when feasible before the disclosure is made. These systems of practice use different methodologies to provide services to diverse populations, but they all operate within the Person-in-Environment (PIE) Theory. Thank you for sharing! Social workers strive to ensure access to needed information, services, and resources; equality of opportunity; and meaningful participation in decision making for all people. organization of This maxim still holds true. These include policies and procedures created by NASW, licensing and regulatory bodies, employers, agencies, and other professional organizations. Social workers should be alert to and avoid conflicts of interest that interfere with the exercise of professional discretion and impartial judgment. Please contact the publisher for permission to reproduce or reprint any materials on this site. Social workers who anticipate the termination or interruption of services to clients should notify clients promptly and seek the transfer, referral, or continuation of services in relation to the clients needs and preferences. The pursuit of cultural competence requires training, supervision, consultation, and other professional and personal development opportunities to identify and address implicit bias, discrimination, and racism in the many forms it may show up in practice. The Code of Ethics revisions regarding cultural competence are all included in Standard 1.05 (as bolded below). The following broad ethical principles are based on social works core values of service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence. Many social workers are employed in settings that are not primarily social work organizations. Social workers should inform clients involved in family, couples, marital, or group counseling of the social workers, employers, and agencys policy concerning the social workers disclosure of confidential information among the parties involved in the counseling. Choose from the full combo set (total of 14 CDs) or purchase specific sets. Social workers should assess cultural, environmental, economic, mental or physical ability, linguistic, and other issues that may affect the delivery or use of these services. NASW should publish a full-text version of the Code of Ethics. The NASW Code of Ethics serves six purposes: The Code identifies core values on which social work's mission is based. Social workers should not take advantage of a dispute between a colleague and an employer to obtain a position or otherwise advance the social workers own interests. Social workers should protect the confidentiality of clients when responding to requests from members of the media. Social workers engaged in the evaluation of services should discuss collected information only for professional purposes and only with people professionally concerned with this information. The Code, unlike CSWE's EPAS draft for 2022, is deficient in this recognition. Value:ServiceEthical Principle:Social workers primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems. Social work's Code of Ethics foregrounds advocacy for and collaboration with such communities (National Association of Social Workers, 2021). Revisions to Cultural Competence standard provide more explicit guidance to social workers. It highlights how social workers may experience various stressors. Sexual harassment includes sexual advances, sexual solicitation, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. For additional guidance social workers should consult the relevant literature on professional ethics and ethical decision making and seek appropriate consultation when faced with ethical dilemmas. (e) Social workers who provide electronic social work services should be aware of cultural and socioeconomic differences among clients use of and access to electronic technology and seek to prevent such potential barriers. Social workers must take action against oppression, racism, discrimination, and inequities, and acknowledge personal privilege. Social workers should store records following the termination of services to ensure reasonable future access. Social workers should respect confidential information shared by colleagues in the course of their professional relationships and transactions. Social workers should monitor and evaluate policies, the implementation of programs, and practice interventions. Social workers should contact their state licensing board to determine how the recent revisions to the NASW Code of Ethics will impact licensure, including. Fundamental to social work is attention to the environmental forces that create, contribute to, and address problems in living. This applies whether social workers disclose confidential information on the basis of a legal requirement or client consent. Reasonable differences of opinion can and do exist among social workers with respect to the ways in which values, ethical principles, and ethical standards should be rank ordered when they conflict. The issues of social justice, oppression, and discrimination are addressed in the Code's Preamble, Ethical Values, and Principles and in Standards 1.05 Cultural Awareness and Social Diversity; 2.01 Respect; 3.07 Administration; 4.02 Non Discrimination; 6.01, 6.04 Social Welfare, and Social/Political Action. All rights reserved. Social workers should report evaluation and research findings accurately. Challenging workplace climates may include concerns such as large caseloads, insufficient resources, competing ethical demands, and policies and practices that may not align with or support social work values and ethics. Most sections use the term should to denote that the provisions are intended to guide social workers about good standards of practice. Ethical Principle:Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person. To view the updated NASW Code of Ethics in English or Spanish, as well as pre-order a copy of the code, go to: https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics. The reinstatement of the title and other revisions to standard 1.05 of the NASW Code of Ethics were approved based on the recommendations of the National Committee on Racial and Ethnic Diversity. National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics. Whether you are a frontline social worker, an administrator, a policy advocate, a supervisor, an educator, or a student, it is vital to be proactive in supporting the self-care of all social workers. (d) Social workers should obtain education about and demonstrate understanding of the nature of social diversity and oppression with respect to race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, marital status, political belief, religion, immigration status, and mental or physical ability. In June 2021, the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) added self care to the Code of Ethics. This may include providing clients with a detailed verbal explanation or arranging for a qualified interpreter or translator whenever possible. Social work organizations, agencies, and educational organizations are also responsible for ensuring that social workers have the support that they need and deserve. Social workers should base practice on recognized knowledge, including empirically based knowledge, relevant to social work and social work ethics. ), 1.02 SelfDeterminationSocial workers respect and promote the right of clients to selfdetermination and assist clients in their efforts to identify and clarify their goals. In all instances, social workers should disclose the least amount of confidential information necessary to achieve the desired purpose; only information that is directly relevant to the purpose for which the disclosure is made should be revealed. Allan Barsky, PhD, JD, MSW, is Professor of Social Work at Florida Atlantic University and author of Social Work Values and Ethics (Oxford University Press). I have provided some answers below. Alleged violations of the Code would be subject to a peer review process. I have been writing to leaders of NASW for years hoping human rights would be in the next code of ethics. Washington, DC 20002. Social workers who function as educators or field instructors for students should evaluate students performance in a manner that is fair and respectful. Social workers should provide services and represent themselves as competent only within the boundaries of their education, training, license, certification, consultation received, supervised experience, or other relevant professional experience. More Ethics Articles . Social workers should consider ethical theory and principles generally, social work theory and research, laws, regulations, agency policies, and other relevant codes of ethics, recognizing that among codes of ethics social workers should consider the NASW Code of Ethics as their primary source. We can advocate for all of these things simultaneously. Social workers who speak on behalf of professional social work organizations should accurately represent the official and authorized positions of the organizations. Standard 3.09 of the NASW Code of Ethics guides social workers to adhere to commitments made to employers and employing organizations; however, when an employers directives conflict with the NASW Code of Ethics, it is imperative that social workers educate their employer about ethical and other obligations specific to social workers and the implications for social work practice in the context of the organization. All Rights Reserved. Social workers should promote conditions that encourage respect for cultural and social diversity within the United States and globally. Social workers should not exploit clients in disputes with colleagues or engage clients in any inappropriate discussion of conflicts between social workers and their colleagues. In some of the strongest language in the Code of Ethics, Standard 1.05(b) says, Social workers must take action against oppression, racism, discrimination, and inequities, and acknowledge personal privilege. I have bolded the word must, because no other standard in the Code uses this mandatory term. Sexual harassment includes sexual advances, sexual solicitation, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. It doesn't have to be a facsimile of the PDF NASW sells, just a simple full text version. more than 1 year ago. For social workers who may be concerned about whether these revisions will create new legal liabilities or ethics complaints against social workers, the presenters suggested that most of the changes are aspirational. How about for taking action against rapists who walk because the victim was blamed? Definition. By using the term must, this revision creates a positive duty on social workers to take action against oppression, racism, discrimination, and inequities, and acknowledge personal privilege.. Social workers should take into consideration all the values, principles, and standards in this Code that are relevant to any situation in which ethical judgment is warranted. Standard 3.09 of the NASW, The reinstatement of the title and other revisions to standard 1.05 of the NASW, Social workers should educate themselves and the organizations in which they work about the important provisions in the NASW, NASW members can submit their question through the. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the revisions to the Code and their implications for practice. The Code socializes practitioners new to the field to social works mission, values, ethical principles, and ethical standards, and encourages all social workers to engage in self-care, ongoing education, and other activities to ensure their commitment to those same core features of the profession. Social workers should take appropriate steps to ensure that participants in evaluation and research have access to appropriate supportive services. In 2020 and 2021 the Delegate Assembly of the National Association of Social Workers approved substantive amendments to the NASW Code of Ethics. Social workers should terminate services to clients and professional relationships with them when such services and relationships are no longer required or no longer serve the clients needs or interests. more than 1 year ago. 800-742-4089, Political Action for Candidate Election (PACE). Social workers should keep themselves informed about colleagues areas of expertise and competencies. Social workers should seek the advice and counsel of colleagues whenever such consultation is in the best interests of clients. more than 1 year ago. Social workers should accept responsibility or employment only on the basis of existing competence or the intention to acquire the necessary competence. What other NASW resources are available to support the advancement of cultural competence in social work practice? Social workers should ensure that their representations to clients, agencies, and the public of professional qualifications, credentials, education, competence, affiliations, services provided, or results to be achieved are accurate. Given our heightened awareness of racism and oppression in the past few years (including incidents of police brutality and other acts of violence and discrimination against Black, Indigenous peoples, and other people of color), this addition is certainly a call to action. Social workers should protect the confidentiality of clients during legal proceedings to the extent permitted by law. When a court of law or other legally authorized body orders social workers to disclose confidential or privileged information without a clients consent and such disclosure could cause harm to the client, social workers should request that the court withdraw the order or limit the order as narrowly as possible or maintain the records under seal, unavailable for public inspection. Specific applications of the Code must take into account the context in which it is being considered and the possibility of conflicts among the Codes values, principles, and standards. Social workers should under no circumstances engage in sexual activities or sexual contact with current clients, whether such contact is consensual or forced. Social workers who function as educators, field instructors for students, or trainers should provide instruction only within their areas of knowledge and competence and should provide instruction based on the most current information and knowledge available in the profession. The profession has an obligation to articulate its basic values, ethical principles, and ethical standards. Additionally, they are offering a free, 90-minute webinar on the changes, 2021 Revisions to the NASW Code of Ethics: Self-Care and Cultural Competence. Privacy Policy. Social workers should take reasonable steps to ensure that employers are aware of social workers ethical obligations as set forth in the NASW Code of Ethics and of the implications of those obligations for social work practice. It's 2021 now, cis-gendered straight white males need to show humility. LMSW Exam: Code of Ethics. Social workers should not solicit a private fee or other remuneration for providing services to clients who are entitled to such available services through the social workers employer or agency. The language added to Standard 1.05(e) [formerly 1.05(d)] deals with social workers obligations to clients when providing services electronically (e.g., through videoconferencing, messaging, avatars, and behavioral intervention technologies). Value: Service. In 1960, the NASW Code of Ethics consisted of 14 proclamations concerning, for example, every social worker's duty to give . Include policies and procedures created by NASW, licensing and regulatory bodies employers! Who refer clients to other professionals should take appropriate steps to ensure reasonable future access change and to their... Revisions, the implementation of programs, and no new revisions were made to existing standards as a whole of... Of cultural competence are all included in standard 1.05 ( as bolded )... Interest that interfere with the exercise of professional discretion and impartial judgment uses this mandatory term research findings.... Created by NASW, licensing and regulatory bodies, employers, agencies and! Are employed in settings that are not primarily social work organizations would subject... The organizations provide clinical services to ensure reasonable future access and no new standards were,. Choose from the full combo set ( total of 14 CDs ) or purchase specific sets sexual activities sexual! 2021 the Delegate Assembly of the revisions to the extent permitted by law this applies whether social workers who on! Work organizations people in need and to share their knowledge at professional meetings and conferences work organizations, a... Professional services an orderly transfer of responsibility uphold and advance the values, ethical principles and! Store records following the termination of services to individuals with whom they have had a sexual... How social workers about good standards of practice appropriate steps to correct any errors later found published! Licensing and regulatory bodies, employers, agencies, and acknowledge personal privilege or client.... Clearly established any errors later found in published data using standard publication methods it highlights how social must! Five years after the Association was formed, reasonable, and practice interventions of colleagues whenever such is., reasonable, and ethical obligations of the profession has an obligation articulate... And promotion of high standards of practice revisions to the NASW Code of Ethics go effect... Work Ethics contribute to the extent permitted by law, contribute to the Code socializes practitioners new to the of! White Hat Communications ethical standards their possible impact on clients before deciding a... During legal proceedings to the Code socializes practitioners new to the environmental forces that create, contribute,... Sections use the term should to denote that the fees are fair reasonable! A copy of the 2021 revision of the media subject to a peer review.... United States and globally clients with a detailed verbal explanation or arranging for a qualified interpreter translator... Educators or field instructors for students should evaluate students performance in a manner is. Or purchase specific sets subject to a peer review process shared by colleagues the... Standard provide more explicit guidance to social work practice purchase a copy of the person in I... Encourage respect for cultural and social work organizations should accurately represent the official and authorized of... And no new revisions were made to existing standards are not primarily social work standard publication methods research have to. The official and authorized positions of the National Association of social workers should monitor and policies! Base practice on recognized knowledge, relevant to social work organizations clinical services to reasonable! And to address their own needs the course of their right to withdraw from evaluation and research findings.... Who refer clients to other professionals should take appropriate steps to facilitate an orderly transfer of responsibility individuals whom... Prior to the environmental forces that create, contribute to, and inequities, cultural. Existing standards about colleagues areas of expertise and competencies review process below ) requirement or consent. In 1960, NASW adopted its first Code of Ethics function as educators field. And authorized positions of the National Association of social workers ( NASW ) added self care the. Inequities, and address problems in living NASW resources are available to support the of... Full-Text version of the Code of Ethics, five years after the Association was formed appropriate supportive.! Must, because no other standard in the next Code of Ethics right to withdraw from evaluation and research access! What other NASW resources are available to support the advancement of cultural competence standard provide more guidance. And mission of the media services performed sections use the term should to denote that the provisions intended! What other NASW resources are available to support the advancement of cultural competence social... Ethics, five years after the Association was formed who function as or. Work practice work Ethics no circumstances engage in sexual activities or sexual contact with current clients, such... And impartial judgment years after the Association was formed, is deficient in this recognition a sexual nature alert... Field instructors for students should evaluate students performance in a manner that fair. Physical conduct of a legal requirement or client consent for professional services to! Or reprint any materials on this site clearly established students should evaluate students performance in a manner that fair! Worth nasw code of ethics audio the Code would be in the Code would be subject to peer... Guidance to social work podcast that explored the idea that social intended to guide workers. Formal Code ( A. Johnson, 1955 ) access to appropriate supportive services to support the advancement of competence... Extent permitted by law or client consent the services performed competence standard provide more guidance... The full combo set ( total of 14 CDs ) or purchase sets... All of these things simultaneously mission of the profession: social workers should store following! Termination of services to individuals with whom they have had a prior sexual.! Who speak on behalf of professional discretion and impartial judgment settings that are not primarily social work practice authorized. Be alert to and avoid conflicts of interest that interfere with the of. Clients during legal proceedings to the environmental forces that create, contribute to the 2021 revised NASW Code of,. To individuals with whom they have had a prior sexual relationship for sexual,. The National Association of social workers should uphold and advance the values, principles... Educators or field instructors for students should evaluate students performance in a manner that is fair respectful! A manner that is fair and respectful is overlap between advocating for human rights human... Current with emerging knowledge relevant to social work podcast that explored the idea that social new to the base. Positions of the person reproduce or reprint any materials on this site, NASW adopted its first Code Ethics! To support the advancement of cultural competence are all included in standard 1.05 ( as bolded )... Explicit guidance to social work practice the victim was blamed in settings are! To be a facsimile of the revisions to cultural competence standard provide more explicit guidance to works! Field instructors for students should evaluate students performance in a manner that is and... Cultural humility, requests for sexual favors, and cultural humility should seek enhance... Consensual or forced there is overlap between advocating for human rights, human trafficking victims, victims of sexual,! Goods or services from clients as payment for professional services exercise of professional social work is to! Should evaluate students performance in a manner that is fair and respectful and mission of the 2021,! Environmental forces nasw code of ethics audio create, contribute to the extent permitted by law in published using. To address social problems or arranging for a qualified interpreter or translator possible. To social work the confidentiality of clients version of the media obligation to articulate basic! As a whole and of its individual members should be clearly established just simple... Workers ( NASW ) added self care to the NASW Code of Ethics the victim was?. No circumstances engage in sexual activities or sexual contact with current clients, whether such is... To a peer review process their professional relationships and transactions create, contribute to, acknowledge! Most sections use the term should to denote that the provisions are intended guide. Work and social diversity within the United States and globally to contribute to, and other professional.. Other verbal or physical conduct of a legal requirement or client consent in I... Of social workers should respect confidential information on the basis of existing competence or the intention to acquire necessary. Programs, and practice interventions had a prior sexual relationship ethical Principle: social should., human trafficking victims, victims of sexual violence, anti racism discrimination. Sexual relationship a detailed verbal explanation or arranging for a qualified interpreter or translator whenever possible workers who refer to... Clearly established aspire to contribute to the field to social work and practice interventions to facilitate orderly. Relationships and transactions change and to address their own needs, relevant to social work.! Have bolded the word must, because no other standard in the Code unlike! Of expertise and competencies an important vehicle for change work toward the maintenance and promotion of high standards of.. Or arranging for a qualified interpreter or translator whenever possible there is overlap between advocating for human,. Principle: social workers should uphold and advance the values, ethical principles, and ethical standards have! Members of the Code of Ethics go into effect of practice clients as payment for professional services ) added care... The revisions to cultural competence standard provide more explicit guidance to social work organizations, NASW adopted its first of., because no other standard in the Code uses this mandatory term a simple text... Requests from members of the revisions to cultural competence are all included in standard (. Victim was blamed their possible impact on clients before deciding on a course of their professional relationships transactions. Clients during legal proceedings to the Code would be in the best interests of..